KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Animals : The multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms capable of locomotion are called animals.
Symmetry: The balanced arrangement of body parts around the central axis of the body is called symmetry.
Asymmetrical: If the body of an organism can not be divided into two equal halve from any plane then it is called asymmetrical.
Bilateral symmetry : If a body of an organism can be divided into two equal halve from one median plane then it is called bilateral symmetrical.
Radial symmetry : If a body of an organism can be divided into two equal halve from more than one plane then it is called radial symmetrical.
Coelom :True body cavity formed by the splitting of mesoderm is called coelom.
Acoelomate : Animals without true body cavity or coelom is called acoelomate.
Pseudocoelomate : Animals having body cavity which is not derived from the mesoderm is called pseudocoelomate.
Coelomate : Animals with true body cavity or coelom is called coelomate.
Cell aggregate plan: In this body plan, cells aggregate but they do not form tissues or organs, there is minimal differentiation and division of labour among cells.
Blind sac body plan: In this body plan, the body is like a sac with a single opening which acts as both mouth and anus.
The tube within tube body plan: In this body plan, the digestive system is present in a tube-like body cavity, here mouth and anus are present at two separate ends.
Diploblastic animals: Animals with two germ layers i.e. outer ectoderm and inner endoderm separated by a non-living layer mesoglea are called diploblastic animals.
Triploblastic animals: Animals with three germ layers i.e. outer ectoderm, middle Mesoderm and inner endoderm are called triploblastic animals.
Porifera :Group of animal bearing pores on their body surface is called Porifera.
Sedentary :Animals inhabiting the same place throughout life is called sedentary. These are also called nomadic.
Ostia :Small pores through which water enters into the spongocoel is called Ostia.
Spongocoel :The body cavity of sponges is called spongocoel.
Osculum :Single large opening through which water leaves the spongocoel is called osculum.
Choanocytes :Special cells having a single flagellum surrounded by a net-like collar of microvilli In poriferans are called choanocytes.
Cnidaria / Coelenterata: Group of animals bearing cnidoblast or stinging cells are called cnidarian. These are also called coelenterate since they are having a body cavity called a gastrovascular cavity or coelenteron.
coelenteron :The body cavity of cnidarians or coelenterates are called coelenteron since it is meant for both circulation as well as digestion so it is also called gastrovascular cavity.
Metagenesis: Members of Porifera exhibit alternation of polypoid generation with medusoid generation in which polyps produce medusae asexually and medusae produce polyps sexually. This phenomenon is called metagenesis (e.g. Obelia).
Ctenophore :Small phylum of aquatic invertebrates that comprise the comb jellies are called Ctenophora.
Acnidarians: In Ctenophora, Cnidoblasts are absent hence these are called acnidarians.
Bioluminescence :The biochemical emission of light by living organisms is called bioluminescence.
Platyhelminthes : Group of animals having a dorso-ventrally flattened body is called Platyhelminthes.
Annelida : a large group of animals bearing ring-like segments on their body are called Annelida.
Metameric segmentation / Metamerism: The repetition of organs and tissues at intervals along the body of an animal is called metameric segmentation or metamerism.
Clitellum :Thickened glandular and a non-segmented section of the body wall near the head in earthworms and leeches, that secretes a sticky sac in which eggs are stored.
Nephridia: The organ of excretion and osmoregulation in annelids are called nephridia.
Arthropoda: Largest group of animals having jointed legs are called Arthropoda.
Solitary: Organisms living alone are called solitary.
Sanguivorous: Blood sucking parasites are called sanguivorous.
Ecdysis: In Arthropoda, the process of periodic shedding of the exoskeleton is called ecdysis (moulting).
Sexual dimorphism: Two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sex organs are called sexual dimorphism.
Metamorphosis : The process of changes in body from an immature form to an adult form in two or more different stages are called metamorphosis.
Parthenogenesis: The process of formation of an embryo without fertilization is called parthenogenesis.
Gregarious: Organisms living in a flock or loosely organized community are called gregarious.
Mollusca: Soft-bodied animals belong to the second-largest group of animals called Mollusca.
Torsion: Twisting of the body is called torsion.
Flexion: bending of the body is called flexion.
Mantle: The organ which secretes shell in molluscan are called mantle.
Radula: The rasping organ of mollusc used for scraping or cutting the acquired food is called radula.
Ctenidia: The feather-like gills of molluscan are called ctenidia.
Haemocyanin: Copper containing blue respiratory pigments of molluscan are called haemocyanin.
Organ of Bojanus: The excretory organ of molluscan are called organ of Bojanus (kidney).
Osphradia: The olfactory organ in certain molluscs use for testing the purity of water is called osphradia.
Echinodermata: A group of the animal bearing spines on their skin is called Echinodermata.
Madreporite: The perforated plate through which the entry of seawater occur into the vascular system of an echinoderm is called madreporite.
Water Vascular system: The peculiar character in Echinodermata is the presence of water vascular system which is used in locomotion, food capturing, respiration, etc.
Hemichordate :Group of animals having only some characteristics of chordates are called hemichordate or half chordate.
Vermiform :Animals having a worm-like body is called vermiform.
Notochord: Notochord is a flexible rod-like structure of vacuolated cells. It is located along the dorsal side of chordate embryos. It gives support to the body and provides a surface for the attachment to muscles.
Protochordate: Urochordata and Cephalochordate are collectively called protochordate.
Urochordata : Notochord is present in the only tail region of larva called urochordate.
Cephalochordata :notochord present throughout the length of the body throughout life is called Cephalochordata.
Myotome: A group of the muscle innervated by a single spinal nerve is called myotome.
Agnathostomata: vertebrates without jaws belong to agnathostomata.
Gnathostomata: vertebrates with jaws belong to Gnathostomata.
Cyclostomata: Group of agnathostomata having circular mouth is called Cyclostomata.
Anadromous migration: Migration of adult fish living in marine water to the fresh water for spawning is called anadromous migration.
Catadromous migration: Migration of adult fish living in fresh water to the marine water for spawning is called catadromous migration.
Rheoreceptors: Receptors of fishes and aquatic amphibian for the detection of water current is called rheoreceptors.
Venous heart: The heart which always shows the presence of deoxygenated blood is called venous heart.
Tetrapoda :Group of animals bearing two pair of limbs belong to the group called Tetrapoda.
Pisces :All the fin bearing aquatic animals are included in a group called Pisces.
Chondrichthyes :All the cartilagenous fishes belong to a group called Chondrichthyes.
Osteichthyes:All the bony fishes belong to a group called Osteichthyes.
Clasper :Male copulatory organs present in the Chondrichthyes. These are used to hold the female during the copulation.
Amphibian: It includes all the animals which live on land as well as in water.
Cloaca: The common opening for the release ofExcretory products, digestive wastes and gametes are called a cloaca.
Uropygial gland: The oil-producing gland which is present at the base of the tail of amphibians are called uropygial gland.
Double circulation :The flow of blood twice through the heart is called double circulation.
Marsupial Mammals: Some mammals have pouches for the development of immature young ones, these are called marsupials e.g Kangaroo.
