It is difficult to distinguish living things from inanimate objects by looking at one or more of their characteristics. In order to qualify the assets as living; It is checked whether it has features such as cellular structure, nutrition, respiration, excretion, movement, reaction to stimuli, metabolism, homeostasis, harmony, organization, reproduction, growth and development. Assets that have these characteristics are defined as living, and the state of being alive is defined as vitality.
The branch of science that studies living things is biology.
The branch of science that studies living things is biology.
The basic compounds that make up the living structure are examined in two groups as inorganic and organic. Water, acid, base, salt and minerals are inorganic; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, nucleic acids and ATP are organic components. Inorganic compounds cannot be synthesized by living things and are taken from outside with food. Organic compounds, on the other hand, can be synthesized in the living body and undertake a wide variety of tasks in metabolic events in living things.
Water is the most abundant component in the body of all organisms. It is the most important of the inorganic substances necessary for the creation of biological structures and the realization of vital activities.
Whether a solution is acidic or basic is indicated by pH. Different pH levels are necessary for different enzymes to work. pH changes disrupt the structure of enzymes.
Salt and water are formed as a result of combining acid and base with neutralization reaction. Presence of salts in a certain concentration in the cell cytoplasm and intercellular fluids is metabolically very important. Minerals cannot be synthesized by living things; taken into the body through acids, bases, salts or food. In their deficiency or excess, metabolic activities are disrupted.
Carbohydrates known as sugars; They are constructive and reparative organic compounds that are used as the primary energy source in the cell, that participate in the structure of the cell membrane and wall, as well as nucleic acids and ATP. Sugars form compounds by forming glycosidic bonds. Carbohydrates, also known as saccharides, are grouped as monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose), disaccharide (maltose, sucrose, lactose) and polysaccharide (starch, glycogen, chitin, cellulose) according to the number of sugar molecules they contain.
lipids; are water-insoluble hydrocarbons. However, it is soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether. Fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes, and some pigments are examples of lipids.
Proteins; They are the most abundant organic molecules in the structure of living things. The monomers of proteins, which take part in all vital activities of the organism, are amino acids. Proteins are formed as a result of the peptidization reaction.
Enzymes; They are biological catalysts that accelerate reactions in living systems. In this way, biochemical reactions take place at lower temperatures and very quickly.
Hormones; They are organic compounds with amino acid, protein and steroid structures secreted from certain cell types and having a regulatory effect on target cells. Hormones; It is very important for vitality as it performs tasks such as growth, development, reproduction and homeostasis. Its release, more or less, leads to metabolic disturbances.
vitamins; They are auxiliary organic substances that are necessary for the fulfillment of vital functions. They are divided into two groups: fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (group B and C).
nucleic acids; It provides direct or indirect control of all matter and energy transformation events in a cell. It consists of units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are lined up one after the other and linked together by phosphodiester bonds to form the DNA or RNA molecule.
ATP; It is an energizing molecule in all living things. The energy obtained is used to carry out vital activities such as passing some substances through the cell membrane, synthesis of organic matter, movement, neurotransmission, cell division, and reproduction.
Healthy eating; adequate, regular and balanced nutrition. Adequate and balanced nutrition is the proper use of all nutrients in the body by taking them at certain times and in sufficient quantities. Obesity is one of the problems that can arise when there is insufficient and unbalanced nutrition. Obesity; Calcification of bones such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver, musculoskeletal disorders, mental disorders can cause health problems.
Water is the most abundant component in the body of all organisms. It is the most important of the inorganic substances necessary for the creation of biological structures and the realization of vital activities.
Whether a solution is acidic or basic is indicated by pH. Different pH levels are necessary for different enzymes to work. pH changes disrupt the structure of enzymes.
Salt and water are formed as a result of combining acid and base with neutralization reaction. Presence of salts in a certain concentration in the cell cytoplasm and intercellular fluids is metabolically very important. Minerals cannot be synthesized by living things; taken into the body through acids, bases, salts or food. In their deficiency or excess, metabolic activities are disrupted.
Carbohydrates known as sugars; They are constructive and reparative organic compounds that are used as the primary energy source in the cell, that participate in the structure of the cell membrane and wall, as well as nucleic acids and ATP. Sugars form compounds by forming glycosidic bonds. Carbohydrates, also known as saccharides, are grouped as monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose), disaccharide (maltose, sucrose, lactose) and polysaccharide (starch, glycogen, chitin, cellulose) according to the number of sugar molecules they contain.
lipids; are water-insoluble hydrocarbons. However, it is soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether. Fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes, and some pigments are examples of lipids.
Proteins; They are the most abundant organic molecules in the structure of living things. The monomers of proteins, which take part in all vital activities of the organism, are amino acids. Proteins are formed as a result of the peptidization reaction.
Enzymes; They are biological catalysts that accelerate reactions in living systems. In this way, biochemical reactions take place at lower temperatures and very quickly.
Hormones; They are organic compounds with amino acid, protein and steroid structures secreted from certain cell types and having a regulatory effect on target cells. Hormones; It is very important for vitality as it performs tasks such as growth, development, reproduction and homeostasis. Its release, more or less, leads to metabolic disturbances.
vitamins; They are auxiliary organic substances that are necessary for the fulfillment of vital functions. They are divided into two groups: fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (group B and C).
nucleic acids; It provides direct or indirect control of all matter and energy transformation events in a cell. It consists of units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are lined up one after the other and linked together by phosphodiester bonds to form the DNA or RNA molecule.
ATP; It is an energizing molecule in all living things. The energy obtained is used to carry out vital activities such as passing some substances through the cell membrane, synthesis of organic matter, movement, neurotransmission, cell division, and reproduction.
Healthy eating; adequate, regular and balanced nutrition. Adequate and balanced nutrition is the proper use of all nutrients in the body by taking them at certain times and in sufficient quantities. Obesity is one of the problems that can arise when there is insufficient and unbalanced nutrition. Obesity; Calcification of bones such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver, musculoskeletal disorders, mental disorders can cause health problems.
Tags:
BİOLOGY LECTURE
